宫腔镜与阴道超声用于诊断子宫内膜病变的临床价值探讨

目的:探究阴道超声与宫腔镜对诊断子宫内膜病变的临床应用价值。方法:选取我院妇产科收治的子宫内膜病变患者153例,进行阴道超声及宫腔镜检测,观测患者病变类型以及病变部位,比较术后患者临床资料与术前阴道超声以及宫腔镜的检测结果,对阴道超声及宫腔镜的准确率、敏感性、阳性预测率以及阴性预测率等进行比较。结果:阴道超声检测内膜增生漏诊3例、内膜息肉误诊3例、粘膜下肌瘤误诊2例、内膜炎漏诊2例、内膜癌漏诊1例;宫腔镜检测内膜息肉误诊1例、黏膜下肌层误诊2例、内膜炎漏诊1例;与病理活检结果的符合率比较,宫腔镜的总符合率显著高于阴道超声,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。宫腔镜检测子宫内膜病变的准确率、敏感性、阳性预测率及阴性预测率显著优于阴道超声,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:阴道超声和宫腔镜均可检测子宫内膜病变,前者操作简单、创伤小,后者操作复杂,但检出率、准确率及敏感度均较高,可减少临床误诊、漏诊的发生率。     

子宫内膜癌组织中uPA及Cath-D的表达及意义(英文)

目的:检测子宫内膜癌组织中尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物(uPA)及组织蛋白酶(Cath-D)的表达并探讨相关性及其临床意义。方法:采用免疫组织化学方法(PV-6000二步法)检测31例子宫内膜癌组织(内膜癌组),17例子宫内膜增生组织(增生组)及10例正常子宫内膜组织(对照组)中uPA及Cath-D的表达,并研究其相关性。结果:1.内膜癌组中uPA和Cath-D的表达均高于增生组及对照组中的表达,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);在增生组中的表达与对照组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。2.uPA和Cath-D的阳性表达与子宫内膜癌的临床病理分期、组织学分级及肌层浸润深度有关,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。3.内膜癌组中uPA与Cath-D的表达呈正相关(r=0.673,P0.05)。结论:uPA和Cath-D在子宫内膜癌发生发展及侵袭转移过程中起着协同作用,Cath-D可诱导产生活化的uPA,促进癌细胞的浸润转移,因此,两者的联合检测可有助于成为判断子宫内膜癌的发展及预后的重要指标。     

乙酰化与子宫内膜癌关系的研究进展

子宫内膜癌是与代谢综合征密切相关的恶性肿瘤,蛋白质的乙酰化修饰与肿瘤和代谢疾病的发生均有密切联系。乙酰转移酶和去乙酰化酶共同维持乙酰化水平的平衡状态,一旦平衡因细胞内外环境刺激而打破,直接导致癌症(如子宫内膜癌)发生。缺乏孕激素抵抗的过量雌激素和以胰岛素抵抗为核心的代谢综合征是子宫内膜癌的两大易感因素,乙酰化修饰对二者的影响,间接引起子宫内膜癌发生。     

Birth weight and subsequent risk of cancer

Background: We aimed to determine the association between self-reported birth weight and incident cancer in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study cohort, a large multiethnic cohort of postmenopausal women. Methods: 65,850 women reported their birth weight by category (<6 lbs, 6–7 lbs 15 oz, 8–9 lbs 15 oz, and ≥10 lbs). All self-reported, incident cancers were adjudicated by study staff. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate crude and adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for associations between birth weight and: (1) all cancer sites combined, (2) gynecologic cancers, and (3) several site-specific cancer sites. Results: After adjustments, birth weight was positively associated with the risk of lung cancer (p = 0.01), and colon cancer (p = 0.04). An inverse trend was observed between birth weight and risk for leukemia (p = 0.04). A significant trend was not observed with breast cancer risk (p = 0.67); however, women born weighing ≥10 lbs were less likely to develop breast cancer compared to women born between 6 lbs-7 lbs 15 oz (aHR 0.77, 95% CI 0.63, 0.94). Conclusion: Birth weight category appears to be significantly associated with the risk of any postmenopausal incident cancer, though the direction of the association varies by cancer type.     

极具潜力的子宫内膜容受性形态学标志-胞饮突的研究进展

胞饮突是种植窗期在扫描电镜（Scanning electron microscopy,SEM）下子宫内膜上皮细胞膜顶端出现的大而平滑的膜突起。近年胞饮突被认为子宫内膜容受性的一个标志性结构,其功能可能是直接或间接参与囊胚与子宫内膜的黏附反应。本文就胞饮突的形态、功能及与其他子宫内膜容受性相关因子相互作用作一综述。     

Helicobacter pylori Eradication Therapy May Facilitate Gastric Ulcer Healing After Endoscopic Mucosal Resection: A Prospective Randomized Study

Background and Aim: It remains unclear whether Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy affects the healing rate of iatrogenic ulcers following endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for gastric tumors. The aim of our study was to prospectively evaluate the effect of H. pylori eradication therapy on gastric ulcer healing after EMR. Methods: After EMR, patients were randomly assigned to either the H. pylori eradication group (Hp group) (lansoprazole 30 mg, amoxicillin 1000 mg, and clarithromycin 500 mg, twice a day for 7 days) or the noneradication group (proton pump inhibitor, PPI group) (lansoprazole 30 mg, twice a day for 7 days). Four weeks after EMR, the ulcer stages and size were compared between the two groups. Moreover, ulcer‐related symptoms, bleeding rates, adverse effects, and drug compliance were compared. Results: A total of 64 patients were enrolled. Of these, 17 patients were excluded from the study. The two groups were comparable in terms of baseline clinicopathologic characteristics. Four weeks after EMR, the two groups did not differ with respect to ulcer stage (p = .475) or ulcer‐related symptoms (p = .399). However, the ulcer reduction ratio was significantly higher in the Hp group (0.028 ± 0.024 vs. 0.065 ± 0.055, p < .05). No differences were observed between the two groups with regard to drug compliance, adverse drug event rates, or bleeding rates. Conclusions: Our results suggest that H. pylori eradication therapy might improve the ulcer healing rate after EMR.     

In vivo analysis of progesterone receptor action in the uterus during embryo implantation

In order for a successful pregnancy to occur, the embryo must attach to the luminal epithelial cells and invade into the stroma. Then, the surrounding stromal cells need to undergo decidualization in order to establish the vasculature necessary for survival of the embryo. These events in early pregnancy are tightly regulated by the steroid hormones, estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4), through their cognate receptors, the estrogen receptor (ER) and the progesterone receptor (PR), respectively. Using a mouse model in which the PR has been ablated, it was demonstrated that the PR is necessary for embryo implantation and decidualization. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of PR action in the adult uterus is necessary in order to understand the events of early pregnancy. Insights from both mouse models and human samples have been integral in elucidating uterine PR action. These studies have shown that not only PR target genes, but also mediators of PR action are important for correct PR action in early pregnancy. Many of the genes involved in PR action in early pregnancy have also been shown to have roles in uterine diseases such as endometriosis and endometrial cancer. Therefore, the integration of mouse and human studies on PR action in the uterus will be important for the future understanding of uterine diseases and in the development of treatment for these diseases.     

老年患者在传统开胸与胸腔镜下手术切除周围型肺癌疗效的比较研究

目的:对比分析传统开胸手术和胸腔镜下肺叶切除对老年性早期周围型肺癌的疗效及生存曲线的差异。方法:选取我院行肺癌手术治疗的患者65例,均为周围型肺癌。采用非随机对照方法,将患者随机分为传统开胸手术组和胸腔镜组,其中开胸手术组34例,胸腔镜组31例。按照既定分组方案实施手术,对比分析两组患者一般属性资料、手术相关指标;术后随访至2016年6月,采用Kaplan-Meier法对比2组患者5年总生存率(OS)、无复发生存率(RFS)。结果:胸腔镜手术组手术时间明显长于开胸组(p0.05)。胸腔镜组拔出胸腔引流管天数明显缩短(p0.05)。胸腔镜组术中出血量少于开胸组(p0.05)。胸腔镜组术后并发症发生率、VAS评分、住院时间低于开胸组(p0.05)。但胸腔镜组住院总费用多于开胸组(p0.05)。开胸组组5年RFS为65.27%,胸腔镜组67.13%,差异无统计学意义(p0.05)。开胸组患者5年OS为53.73%,胸腔镜组为55.34%,差异有统计学意义(p0.05)。结论:相比传统开胸手术,胸腔镜下早期肺癌切除术出血量少,恢复快,术后并发症发生率低,术后5年总生存率高于传统开胸术。     

经尿道电切术与经尿道双极等离子电切术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤的疗效比较研究

目的:探讨并对比经尿道电切术(TURBT)与经尿道双极等离子电切术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤(NMIBC)的疗效。方法:选取2012年1月到2016年1月在我院接受治疗的NMIBC患者76例,按照随机数字表法将患者分为观察组和对照组各38例,观察组采用经尿道双极等离子电切术进行治疗,对照组采用TURBT进行治疗。对比两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后导尿管留置时间、住院时间和手术并发症发生率,对比两组患者1年内复发率。结果:观察组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后导尿管留置时间、住院时间均显著少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者膀胱穿孔和尿道内口狭窄发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组闭孔神经反射发生率为7.89%(3/38),显著低于对照组的28.95%(11/38),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者1年内复发率为7.89%(3/38),对照组患者1年内复发率为10.53%(4/38),两者比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:经尿道双极等离子电切术治疗NMIBC能有效减少手术时间、术中出血量、术后导尿管留置时间、住院时间和闭孔神经反射发生率,安全有效,与TURBT相比优势明显,值得临床推广应用。     

肝门部胆管癌根治术术后口服胆汁患者的疗效观察

目的:探讨肝门部胆管癌术后口服胆汁患者的疗效。方法:采用病例对照法,回顾性分析2015年10月-2016年9月期间我科收治的肝门部胆管癌患者,术前行经皮肝穿刺胆道引流术(PTCD)并接受肝门部胆管癌根治术的患者89例,根据术后是否口服胆汁,将肝门部胆管癌患者分为两组,即口服胆汁组(51例)及对照组(38例)。所有患者均为术后3日开始进食。口服胆汁组:胆汁口服应遵循的条件为引流出的胆汁呈金黄色、无血性。术后第三天,胆汁满足口服的条件时,每6小时收集一次,经双层纱布过滤,胆汁中加入蜂蜜少量多次、随餐服下。对照组:除外口服胆汁,其余进食及治疗均相同。术后主要结局观察指标包括腹泻发生率、术后7天血清白蛋白水平,腹腔感染发生率;次要结局指标即住院时间。观察术后患者腹泻发生率、术后7天血清白蛋白水平,腹腔感染发生率和住院时间。结果:两组患者腹腔感染、腹泻发生及住院时间有统计学差异,p值均小于0.05,两组间白蛋白水平无统计学差异。结论:口服胆汁是一种有效、简便且经济的方法。术后腹腔感染并发症少,缩短住院时间,腹泻发生率较低。